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Registros recuperados: 9
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Does microfinance reduce rural poverty? Evidence based on household panel data from northern Ethiopia AgEcon
Berhane, Guush; Gardebroek, Cornelis.
This paper evaluates the long-term impact of microfinance credit from the intensity of participation in borrowing. We use a four-round panel data set on 351 farm households that had access to microfinance in northern Ethiopia. Over the years 1997-2006, with three-year intervals, households are observed on key poverty indicators: improvements in annual consumption and housing improvements. The relatively long duration in the panel enables to measure household poverty changes between consecutive periods and see the long-run effects of exposure to microfinance from the intensity of participation borrowing. The fixed-effects model is innovatively modeled to account for potential selection biases due to both time-invariant and time-varying unobserved individual...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Microfinance; Treatment effects; Trend model; Panel data; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Development.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51472
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Effects of Manure Use and Use Restrictions on Variable Production Costs and Net Incomes for U.S. Corn Producers AgEcon
Beckman, Jayson F.; Livingston, Michael J..
We utilize a treatment effects model to examine if there are differences in costs/profits for manure-using corn producers versus non-users. We find that manure users have lower peracre operating costs via reductions in fertilizer and soil conditioner costs; however, the use of manure reduces grain yields and ultimately leads to no difference in profit. Separate results indicate that manure-use restrictions do not affect costs or profits; thus policies could be in place to regulate manure usage without impacting the costs/profit structure of the farm.
Tipo: Article Palavras-chave: Nutrient management; Treatment effects; Micro-data; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Q1.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120450
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Effects on School Enrollment and Performance of a Conditional Transfers Program in Mexico AgEcon
Dubois, Pierre; de Janvry, Alain; Sadoulet, Elisabeth.
We study the effects of a conditional transfers program on school enrollment and performance in Mexico. We provide a theoretical framework for analyzing the dynamic educational decision and process including the endogeneity and uncertainty of performance (passing grades) and the effect of a conditional cash transfer program for children enrolled at school. Careful identification of the program impact on this model is studied. This framework is used to study the Mexican social program Progresa in which a randomized experiment has been implemented and allows us to identify the effect of the conditional cash transfer program on enrollment and performance at school. Using the rules of the conditional program, we can explain the different incentive effects...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Education demand; Schooling decisions; School performance; Dynamic decisions; Treatment effects; Transfer program; Randomized experiment; Mexico.; Labor and Human Capital; C14; C25; D91; H52; H53; I21; I28; J24.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25064
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Genetically Modified Crops and Labor Savings in US Crop Production AgEcon
Gardner, Justin G.; Nelson, Carl H..
In spite of widespread adoption there is mixed evidence as to whether or not adopting Genetically Modified (GM) crops increase farm welfare. One possible reason for widespread adoption is labor savings. Using a treatment effect model we estimate the labor savings associated with adopting a GM crop.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Genetically modified crops; Agricultural biotechnology; Endogeneity; Treatment effects; Survey weights; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34919
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Identifying and Measuring the Effect of Firm Clusters Among Certified Organic Processors and Handlers AgEcon
Jaenicke, Edward C.; Goetz, Stephan J.; Wu, Ping-Chao; Dimitri, Carolyn.
This paper investigates the certified organic handler sector, a specialized component of the middle part of the farm-to-table marketing chain, and documents the impacts of firm agglomeration (or firm clusters) on firm-level performance or firm-level decisions. After accounting for endogeneity in firm clustering, our findings confirm that firm clusters have significant impacts, though the estimate of the impact depends on how a firm cluster is defined. For example, significant impacts on sales per employee range from an additional $0.17 million to $1.47 million, depending on whether a small or large number of firms is used as the minimum number to define a firm cluster.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Firm clusters; Organic; Treatment effects; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49205
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Interlinked Transactions in Cash Cropping Economies: The Determinants of Farmer Participation and Performance in the Zambezi River Valley of Mozambique AgEcon
Benfica, Rui M.S.; Tschirley, David L.; Boughton, Duncan.
This paper investigates the determinants of participation and performance of tobacco contract farmers, and the effects of participation on overall crop and household incomes in the Zambezi Valley of Mozambique. We test the existence of threshold effects in land holdings and educational attainment to identify the types of farmers that benefit. Several results stand out. First, participation in the schemes is driven by factor endowments, asset ownership and alternative income opportunities, and very little by demographic factors. Second, we find no returns to education in tobacco; this result is consistent with previous research in Mozambique but surprising in an agronomically demanding crop like tobacco. Third, there appear to be economies of scale in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Contract farming; Selection bias; Treatment effects; Threshold effects; Household income.; Crop Production/Industries; C21; D1; L1; J43; Q12.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25244
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Is There Persistence in the Impact of Emergency Food Aid? Evidence on Consumption, Food Security, and Assets in Rural Ethiopia AgEcon
Gilligan, Daniel O.; Hoddinott, John.
The primary goal of emergency food aid after an economic shock is often to bolster short-term food and nutrition security. However, these transfers also act as insurance against other shock effects, such as destruction of assets and changes in economic activity, which can have lasting deleterious consequences. Although existing research provides some evidence of small positive impacts of timely food aid disbursements after a shock on current food consumption and aggregate consumption, little is known about whether these transfers play a safety net role by reducing vulnerability and protecting assets into the future. We investigate this issue by exploring the presence of persistent impacts of two major food aid programs following the 2002 drought in...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Food aid; Treatment effects; Propensity score matching; Ethiopia; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55895
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Sensitivity analysis for average treatment effects AgEcon
Becker, Sascha O.; Caliendo, Marco.
Based on the conditional independence or unconfoundedness assumption, matching has become a popular approach to estimate average treatment effects. Checking the sensitivity of the estimated results with respect to deviations from this identifying assumption has become an increasingly important topic in the applied evaluation literature. If there are unobserved variables that affect assignment into treatment and the outcome variable simultaneously, a hidden bias might arise to which matching estimators are not robust. We address this problem with the bounding approach proposed by Rosenbaum (Observational Studies, 2nd ed., New York: Springer), where mhbounds lets the researcher determine how strongly an unmeasured variable must influence the selection...
Tipo: Article Palavras-chave: Mhbounds; Matching; Treatment effects; Sensitivity analysis; Unobserved heterogeneity; Rosenbaum bounds; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119255
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THE VALUE OF WATER AS AN URBAN CLUB GOOD: A MATCHING APPROACH TO HOA-PROVIDED LAKES AgEcon
Abbott, Joshua K.; Klaiber, H. Allen.
Urban lakes located in arid environments require large quantities of water to maintain their water levels, with much of this water associated with high opportunity costs. Many of these lakes are manmade and provide various amenities to surrounding residents. In this paper we use matching techniques to recover the average capitalized value of lakes to surrounding communities and differentiate between community members and adjacent households to recover heterogeneous treatment effects. Importantly, we consider the role of both unobservable and observable features of matching to recover heterogeneous capitalization across lake communities. Our results suggest that the capitalized value of lakes to community residents is highly heterogeneous and ranges from an...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Matching; Treatment effects; Urban lakes; Capitalization; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103781
Registros recuperados: 9
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